The spherical waves will not typically be equally intense in alldirections, but will instead usually be more intense at small scattering angles. Thus wecan see that the effect of a point obstacle in scattering a beam of particles may be described asdiminishing the intensity of the plane waves and creating outward-going spherical wavescentered on the obstacle. Particles headed in toward a common focus are described as ingoing sphericalwaves, and particles diverging from a common center are outgoing spherical waves. 1.Ī beam of particles all traveling in the same direction are described mathematically asplane-waves. This topic "brings you face to face with wave-particle duality" wave interference is observed by counting x-ray photons! For historical reasons, and forconvenience in parts of the mathematical analysis, the "scattering angle" or "deflectionangle" is called see Fig. The fineness of detail that can be studied by a given method (the "resolution") depends on thewavelength of the radiation used (the shorter the finer), the maximum angle of scattering thatis detected (the wider the finer), and the sensitivity of the sample to damage by the type ofradiation used (the less sensitive the more information can be extracted before the structurehas changed significantly). Examples of this approach include thevisible light and electron microscopes and the X-ray determination of the atomic coordinatesof crystallized protein molecules. One classical method of studying the structure of matter in fine detail is to shine a beam ofradiation on a sample and observe the outgoing radiation. Radiation Notes: Diffraction and Microscopy Notes on Modern Physics and Ionizing Radiation
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